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Water and Air Analysis Package

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199,00 469,00
26 people watching this product now!

Material Includes

  • 1- Abaqus Files
  • 2- Document
  • 3- Tutorial Videos

Audience

  • 1- Mechanical Engineering
  • 2- Civil Engineering
  • 3- Structural Engineering
  • 4- Aerospace Engineering

What You Will Learn?

  • During this course, you'll learn all about water and air modeling using CFD, FSI, CEL, SPH, and Lagrangian methods. This package includes 22 practical and comprehensive tutorials that cover all matters, like high-velocity impact, liquid storage tank, blast, explosion, UNDEX, water jet, and sloshing. soccer and tennis ball, fluid cavity technique, water jet spot welding, ideal gas, non-Newtonian water flow, fluid-structure interaction, and many other useful titles.

About Course

Introduction to Water and Air Simulation and Analysis in Abaqus

1. Overview

Abaqus is a powerful finite element analysis (FEA) software that allows simulation of solid mechanics, fluid interactions, and coupled physical phenomena. While it is primarily a structural analysis tool, Abaqus also provides capabilities to model fluid-like behavior, such as water and air, through specialized methods. These simulations are crucial in engineering fields such as offshore structures, civil engineering (dams, breakwaters), aerospace (aerodynamic loading), and automotive (airbag deployment, water sloshing in fuel tanks).

This package includes the SPH, CEL, Acoustic, and Lagrangian models for water and air. Through 22 practical tutorials, you’ll learn all about the matter in Abaqus.

2. Water and Air analysis in Abaqus

a. Air (Compressible Gas)

  • Modeled as a compressible fluid using the Eulerian approach.
  • Applications:
    • Airbag inflation.
    • Blast wave propagation.
    • Aerodynamic pressure loading.
  • Typically uses:
    • Eulerian analysis (Abaqus/Explicit).
    • Acoustic analysis (for sound propagation in air).

b. Water (Incompressible or Slightly Compressible Fluid)

  • Water is nearly incompressible and often modeled as such.
  • Available modeling techniques in Abaqus:
    1. Acoustic Elements – for pressure wave propagation in water (e.g., sonar, underwater blast).
    2. Eulerian Formulation – to simulate free-surface water flow, sloshing, and impact on structures.
    3. Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) – combines fluid motion (Eulerian) with structural response (Lagrangian). Ideal for water–structure interaction problems.
    4. Hydrostatic Pressure Loading – simplified representation of static water pressure on structures like dams and tanks.

3. Coupled Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI)

  • Abaqus can couple fluids (water/air) with solids using:
    • CEL method → for strong interactions like sloshing, impact, or blast.
    • Acoustic–structural coupling → for sound waves in fluids interacting with structures.
  • Example applications:
    • Ship hull impact with water waves.
    • Underwater explosion effects on submarines.
    • Wind (air) loading on flexible membranes.

4. Common Applications

  • Water
    • Wave loading on offshore platforms.
    • Sloshing in tanks (marine, automotive).
    • Underwater blast or shock wave propagation.
    • Hydraulic pressure on dams or gates.
  • Air
    • Airbag deployment (gas expansion and interaction with fabric).
    • Blast wave simulation in air.
    • Aeroacoustics (sound radiation, noise studies).

5. Limitations

  • Abaqus is not a full Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool.
  • Air and water simulations are simplified compared to specialized CFD solvers (like Fluent, OpenFOAM, or STAR-CCM+).
  • Best suited for fluid–structure interaction problems where structural response is equally important.

In short:
Abaqus provides robust tools to simulate the effects of water and air on structures using methods such as acoustic elements, Eulerian formulations, and CEL techniques. It is extreme for FSI problems where traditional CFD codes may not easily capture the structural response.

Course Content

Example-1: High-velocity impact on fluid-filled containers using smoothed particle hydrodynamics
In this case, the high-velocity impact on fluid-filled containers using smoothed particle hydrodynamics is studied. All the parts are modeled as three-dimensional parts, and for the projectile, steel material has been used, and for the container, aluminium has been used. To predict damage propagation, Johnson-Cook plasticity and damage for two metal parts are used. Water is modeled as the Us-Up equation of state, and the SPH model to predict water behavior is implemented. An explicit procedure is appropriate for high-velocity impact analysis.

  • Abaqus Files
  • Document
  • Tutorial Video
    00:00

Example-2: Blast resistance analysis of the liquid storage tank
In this section, the blast resistance analysis of the liquid storage tank is investigated. A growing number of terror attacks all over the world have become a threat to human civilization. In the last two decades, bomb blasts in crowded business areas, underground railway stations, and busy roads have taken numerous lives and destroyed properties in different parts of the world. However, the blast response of many important civil infrastructures has still not been well understood due to the complexities of their material behavior, loading, and higher nonlinearities. One such example of important civil infrastructure is liquid storage tanks, which are indispensable parts of any society for the storage of water, milk, liquid petroleum, chemicals in industries, etc. Blast loading on liquid storage structures may lead to disaster due to water and milk crisis, health hazard owing to the spread of chemicals, and fire hazard due to the spread of liquid fuel. Hence, understanding the dynamic behavior of liquid storage structures under blast loading through numerical simulations is of utmost importance. In the present study, three-dimensional (3D)finite element (FE) simulations of a steel water storage tank were conducted for different tank aspect ratios. In this step-by-step tutorial, you will see the modeling procedure of the blast simulation over a tank filled with water in Abaqus. To model the blast effect, the CONWEP procedure has been implemented. Water is modeled as an Eulerian part for a better view of its sloshing during the explosion, and the tank is modeled as a shell element

Example-3: Behavior of cylindrical steel drums under blast loading conditions with the SPH method
In this case, the behavior of cylindrical steel drums under blast loading conditions with the SPH method is presented. In the last few decades, a number of major industrial accidents have occurred around the world. The blast wave of detonation has a sudden rise in pressure above atmospheric conditions to a peak overpressure (free-field or side-on). The peak overpressure gradually decays to ambient pressure, followed by a small negative phase. Deflagration typically produces a blast wave with a gradual overpressure rise to peak value, followed by a decay and a negative phase with a similar scale to the incident positive phase. Generally, detonation produces a blast wave with a higher peak overpressure but shorter positive duration than in a deflagration case. Deflagration is able to transform into detonation within a highly congested region. When a detonation blast wave impinges on a surface, it is reflected. The magnitude of reflected overpressure depends on the peak incident value and angle of incidence. For deflagration, the reflected overpressure is more closely related to the parameters of the incident wave and the dimensions of the target. It does not have a significant enhancement as normally expected from a detonation blast wave at the same level of peak incident overpressure. During the analysis blast wave pressure causes a huge deformation on the drum, and because of this it the water inside the tank was wavy, like a sloshing phenomenon. To model drum behavior under blast load, Johnson-Cook plasticity and damage, and for water Us-Up linear form has been used.

Example-4: Water jet cutting analysis of a steel plate
In this lesson, the water jet cutting analysis of a steel plate is studied. Waterjet cutting is a cold, mechanical cutting process that uses a very-high-pressure stream of water, sometimes mixed with an abrasive, to cut materials. It removes material by erosion/abrasion rather than melting, burning, or shearing. In this case, the water is modeled as the SPH formulation and the steel as a shell part.

Example-5: Analysis of the ball(filled with air) impact on the water
In this section, the analysis of the ball(filled with air) impact on the water is investigated. When a soccer ball strikes water, it deforms the surface, forms a cavity, and generates splashes or jets. Whether it bounces, skips, or sinks depends on its speed, angle, and inflation pressure, as well as the fluid’s resistance (drag, inertia, surface tension). 1- When the ball first hits the water, its kinetic energy and momentum push into the liquid surface. 2- The water resists penetration due to surface tension and inertia, so the ball flattens slightly and creates a cavity or splash 3- A cavity (or depression) forms under and around the ball as water is displaced downward and outward 4- If the ball has enough speed, it creates a cavity (air-filled depression) in the water 5- The depth and size of the cavity depend on ball velocity, mass, spin, and whether it’s fully inflated or slightly soft

Example-6: Modeling of the water jet spot welding between two aluminium plates
In this case, the modeling of the water jet spot welding between two aluminium plates is done. To gain an understanding of the mechanism of material damage and removal during high-speed liquid impact, and understanding of the magnitude and spatial distribution of the transient pressures caused by such an impact on a solid surface would be helpful. The water jet spot welding tests were performed using the Abaqus software. This consisted essentially of a water column and a 4.2mm diameter nozzle. Target blocks of aluminium, polished 50mm×۵۰mm×۱mm cladding plates of aluminium were used in the tests. The separation distance between the target and flyer plate varied between 0.5. All parts are modeled as three-dimensional and deformable. To model water behavior Us-Up equation and the Lagrangian method have been applied. The Johnson-Cook material model is used to define the aluminium plate material. Dynamic-Temp Explicit is appropriate for this analysis, and proper boundary and interaction have been implemented.

Example-7: Underwater explosion analysis of a circular plate
In this lesson, the underwater explosion analysis of a circular plate is studied. Far-Field UNDEX models must typically treat two UNDEX phenomena: shock loading and cavitation. Shock loading occurs as a result of the incident explosive shock wave impinging on the wet surface of the ship structure. Cavitation occurs because the pressure in the surrounding water drops below its vapor pressure due to the tensile wave reflected from the ship(local cavitation) or from the free surface (bulk cavitation). The most common numerical method used to model far-field UNDEX is the finite element method (FEM). Considering shock loading and cavitation in FEM models creates inherent difficulties in creating an accurate model. Shock waves are characterized by a discontinuous rise in pressure followed by a brief period of exponential decay. Discontinuities can not be captured exactly in an FEM scheme; thus, in the far-field problem, distortion of the wave front and loss of pressure magnitude are two difficulties that must be overcome when modeling the explosive shock wave. Cavitation is a non-linear phenomenon that requires specific treatment in the governing equations of the far-field model. Abaqus explicit is appropriate for this type of analysis. During the analysis, pressure from the TNT charge causes large deformation inside the plate.

Example-8: Seismic and sloshing analysis of a tank containing water
In this section, the seismic and sloshing analysis of a tank containing water is investigated. Water tanks are critical infrastructure components widely used for municipal water supply, firefighting systems, industrial processes, and nuclear or thermal power plants. Because they store large volumes of fluid, their structural integrity is of paramount importance, especially in regions prone to seismic activity. During an earthquake, the dynamic interaction between the tank structure and the contained liquid can generate complex forces that significantly influence the tank’s behavior. The water and tank are modeled as three-dimensional deformable parts. Elastic plastic material for concrete tank and viscosity with Us-Up equation for water has been used. Earthquake load is applied as a dynamic explicit step with a fifty-five-second duration. To model water sloshing Lagrangian approach is implemented.

Example-9: Water sloshing analysis in the concrete tank under earthquake load
In this case, the water sloshing analysis in the concrete tank under earthquake load is presented. When subjected to ground shaking, the fluid inside the tank exerts additional dynamic pressures on the walls and base. This pressure is not uniformly distributed but depends on the frequency and mode of excitation. It is typically separated into impulsive and convective (sloshing) components. The free surface of the liquid can undergo oscillations, commonly referred to as sloshing. These oscillations may amplify under certain ground motions, leading to large wave heights that can cause structural distress, roof damage, or even overtopping of the tank. Concrete tank is modeled as three three-dimensional shells with elastic material and water as an Eulerian part with the Us-Up equation. An explicit procedure is appropriate, and a fifty-five-second time period has been applied. To define the initial water volume, a volume fraction tool has been implemented.

Example-10: Impact analysis of the water-filled X65 steel pipe
In this lesson, the impact analysis of the water-filled X65 steel pipe is studied. Offshore pipelines are frequently subjected to accidental impact loads, e.g., from anchors or trawl gear. A lot of parameters, including the pipe geometry, material properties, pipeline content, impact velocity, etc. This video has presented Impact Simulation against water-filled X65 steel pipes in ABAQUS by using SPH(Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics). An explicit procedure is appropriate for this type of analysis. During the impact bending of the pipe causes water to move outside of it.

Example-11: Earthquake and sloshing analysis of the airy water container
In this section, the earthquake analysis of the airy water container is investigated. The container is modeled as three three-dimensional shells with steel material, and for modeling the legs beam element with steel material has been used. Water is modeled as a three-dimensional Eulerian part, and for modeling its behavior Us-Up equation has been implemented. An explicit procedure is appropriate for this type of analysis and earthquake load, as horizontal acceleration is applied for one and a half seconds to the base of the structure.

Example-12: Eulerian analysis of a collapsing water column
In this case, the Eulerian analysis of a collapsing water column is presented. The collapse of a water column is a classical fluid dynamics problem that provides insight into free-surface flows, transient hydrodynamic pressures, and impact forces. The setup typically involves a sudden removal of a barrier that initially confines a column of water, allowing it to fall and spread under the influence of gravity. This problem is widely studied in both theoretical and numerical contexts because it represents a simplified model for complex real-world phenomena such as dam-break flows, wave run-up, and liquid sloshing in tanks. Eulerian Framework: Describes fluid motion in a fixed spatial domain, with the governing Navier–Stokes equations solved at discrete grid points. In Eulerian analysis, the free surface is captured using methods such as the Volume of Fluid (VOF), Level Set, or Marker-and-Cell techniques. This example illustrates the pure Eulerian analysis to consider the volume fraction method of water.

Example-13: Finite Element Analysis for Subsurface Damage in Glass under ball impact
In this lesson, the Finite Element Analysis for Subsurface Damage in Glass under ball impact is studied. An understanding of the response of brittle and ductile materials under hypervelocity impact is required for analysis of the space debris and micro meteoroid impact flux via retrieved spacecraft surfaces. Brittle material surfaces exposed in Low Earth Orbit include solar arrays and windows. Laboratory experiments can access only a small fraction of the impactor parameters encountered in space (velocity, diameter, density, shape, composition, and impact angle).In this simulation ball is modeled as a three-dimensional shell part and the glass as a solid part with half a millimeter thickness. To model ball behavior, a hyperelastic material has been used, and to define the glass behavior under high-pressure load with high strain rate, it is necessary to use a proper material model. The impact phenomenon is a dynamic process originally so dynamic explicit is appropriate for it. Surface to surface contact with friction behavior is used to model the contact. In this tutorial, to model gas behavior FLUID CAVITY technique has been used with the molar heat capacity and molecular weight for the gas inside the ball. The glass needs a small mesh size to have a proper response under the impact, so it needs to be used smaller element size in the impact zone.

Example-14: Soccer ball impact analysis on the human skull
In this section, the soccer ball impact analysis on the human skull is investigated. Head impacts in sports have become a major concern in biomechanics and injury prevention research. Soccer, in particular, is unique among contact sports because players intentionally use their heads to strike the ball. While heading is an essential skill, repeated or forceful impacts can subject the skull and brain to dynamic loads that may contribute to acute injuries (such as concussions or skull fractures) and potential long-term neurological effects. The soccer ball–skull interaction is a highly transient event involving complex fluid–structure dynamics. The ball undergoes rapid deformation upon impact, while the skull and underlying tissues respond with vibrations, stress wave propagation, and potential intracranial pressure variations. Skull is modeled as a three-dimensional shell with elastic-plastic material, and the ball as a three-dimensional shell with hyper-elastic material. For modeling gas behavior fluid cavity technique has been used

Example-15: Impact Analysis of a Gas-Filled Balloon
In this case, the impact analysis of a gas-filled balloon is studied. Gas-filled balloons represent a lightweight, flexible structure enclosing a compressible fluid. When subjected to external impact, the response of such a system is governed by a complex interaction between the balloon membrane and the internal gas. Unlike solid structures, the balloon does not absorb impact energy primarily through material deformation; instead, its dynamic behavior is strongly influenced by fluid–structure interaction, membrane elasticity, and gas compressibility. To model the gas of the balloon, the fluid cavity model is considered. Upon impact, the balloon undergoes rapid deformation of its thin elastic shell, leading to changes in internal pressure. The contained gas acts as a cushion, redistributing loads across the membrane while simultaneously resisting compression.

Example-16: Tennis ball impact modeling on the net
In this lesson, the tennis ball impact modeling on the net is studied. In tennis, the interaction between the ball and the net is a dynamic event that directly influences gameplay, scoring, and player strategies. While often overlooked in comparison to racket–ball impacts, the ball–net interaction presents a unique problem in impact mechanics and flexible structure dynamics. When a tennis ball strikes the net, its motion is altered by a combination of ball deformation, net displacement, and energy dissipation mechanisms. In this example, we used a couple of fluid structure analyses based on the Fluid Cavity procedure. Inside the ball is with gas with a molecular weight and gas pressure. The ball is modeled as shell elements, and the net is modeled with truss elements. The tennis ball is a pressurized, deformable sphere whose behavior under impact is governed by its internal air pressure, shell stiffness, and damping properties. The net, on the other hand, is a flexible mesh system composed of interwoven cords that can stretch, oscillate, and redistribute loads upon contact.

Example-17: Modeling of the underwater explosion based on the Eulerian finite element approach
In this section, the modeling of the underwater explosion based on the Eulerian finite element approach is investigated. In this tutorial simulation underwater explosion based on the Eulerian finite element approach in Abaqus has been investigated. The main phenomena of underwater explosions include shock wave formation and propagation, bubble pulsation, and migration. Generally, considering the differences of time sequence and time scale, the process of underwater explosion is usually divided into two stages, i.e., the shock wave stage and bubble pulsation stage, and studied individually. At the former stage, the duration of the shock wave is in milliseconds, and the peak pressure can be up to the level of GPa.This stage is usually featured by strong nonlinearity, and the compressibility of the fluid should be considered. TNT behavior is modeled as JWL material, which can convert chemical energy release from the explosion process to mechanical pressure; water is modeled as the Us-Up equation of state, and air is modeled as an ideal gas. Dynamic explicit step is appropriate for this type of analysis, and proper boundary conditions are assigned to the part. To use the Eulerian procedure, it is necessary to use the volume fraction method or the uniform material method to locate the Eulerian material. In this tutorial uniform material procedure is used. The mesh quality has a huge effect on the wave propagation, so using a small mesh is necessary.

Example-18: Numerical analysis on the water impact of a 3D body by using the CEL method
In this case, the numerical analysis on the water impact of a 3D body by using the CEL method is done through a comprehensive tutorial. Ocean waves are a significant source of inexhaustible, non-polluting energy. Waves are caused by the wind blowing over the surface of the ocean. In many areas of the world, the wind blows with enough consistency and force to provide continuous waves. A variety of technologies have been proposed to capture the energy from waves, and they differ in their orientation to the waves with which they are interacting and in the manner in which they convert the energy of the waves into other energy forms. Wave energy converters provide a means of transforming wave energy into usable electrical energy. Point absorbers are one type of wave energy converter that have small dimensions relative to the incident wave length. They can capture wave energy from a wave front that is larger than the dimensions of the absorber. The hydrodynamic problem of the water impact of three-dimensional buoys is investigated by the explicit finite element method with a CEL solver. The fluid is solved by using an Eulerian formulation, while the structure is discretized by a Lagrangian approach. In this work, different kinds of three-dimensional structures, including a hemisphere, are considered. Us-Up equations for water and ideal gas formulation for air have been used to define material behavior. During the analysis projectile penetrated the water, and the water splash was obvious.

Example-19: Analysis of non-Newtonian water flow impact on the rigid barrier- Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic
In this lesson, the analysis of non-Newtonian water flow impact on the rigid barrier in Abaqus- Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic- is studied. The water is modeled as a three-dimensional solid part with non-Newtonian behavior. A non-Newtonian fluid is a fluid that does not follow Newton’s law of viscosity, that is, it has variable viscosity dependent on stress. In particular, the viscosity of non-Newtonian fluids can change when subjected to force. In this example, the Us-Up equation of state and definition of the non-Newtonian model in the edit input are selected to consider water behavior. The dynamic explicit step is appropriate for this type of analysis because of the SPH method of water. The proper interactions and boundary conditions are used. The mesh should be fine enough to have many nodes that represent the water behavior

Example-20: Fluid-Structure Interaction analysis between a column and water
In this section, the fluid-structure interaction analysis between a column and water is investigated. Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) is a multidisciplinary area that examines the coupled behavior of fluids and solid structures when they interact dynamically. In many engineering problems, the forces exerted by a moving fluid can significantly deform a structure, while the structural response can in turn alter the flow field. One classic example is the interaction between a water flow and a vertical column, which is directly relevant to offshore structures, bridge piers, and hydraulic installations. In such cases, the water flow impinges on the column, generating hydrodynamic forces such as drag, lift, and fluctuating pressures. Depending on the flow velocity, column geometry, and boundary conditions, this interaction may cause: Flow-induced vibrations, including vortex-induced oscillations (VIV). Transient loading, such as impact forces from waves or dam-break flows. Coupled instabilities, where structural motion feeds back into the fluid flow. Abaqus provides two main approaches to modeling FSI: Abaqus/CFD with co-simulation — where the fluid flow is modeled in Abaqus/CFD and the structural response in Abaqus/Standard or Explicit, with data (forces, displacements) exchanged at the fluid–solid interface. Coupled Eulerian–Lagrangian (CEL) in Abaqus/Explicit — where the water is represented as an Eulerian domain and the column as a Lagrangian solid, allowing large free-surface motion (such as water column collapse or wave impact). Using Abaqus/CFD for the water–column problem is particularly valuable when investigating incompressible flows, turbulence effects, and steady or unsteady flow regimes around the column. The ABAQUS has this capability to perform FSI analysis and create an appropriate coupling between CFD and Standard analysis. In this example, the effect of air velocity over the short column has been investigated. The air domain was created in the CFD section, and air properties are defined by density and viscosity. The column was created in the Standard section, and steel material with elastic properties is assigned to it. To define proper interaction, Fluid-Structure Interaction has been used between two models. Velocity and pressure in the CFD section have changed with stress and displacement in the Standard section.

Example-21: Fluid-Structure Interaction analysis of the Aluminum body with a flexible tail
In this case, the Fluid-Structure Interaction of the Aluminum body with a flexible tail is presented. Fluid–structure interaction (FSI) is the interaction of some movable or deformable structure with an internal or surrounding fluid flow. Fluid–structure interactions can be stable or oscillatory. In oscillatory interactions, the strain induced in the solid structure causes it to move such that the source of strain is reduced, and the structure returns to its former state, only for the process to repeat. Fluid–structure interactions are a crucial consideration in the design of many engineering systems, e.g, aircraft, spacecraft, engines, and bridges. Failing to consider the effects of oscillatory interactions can be catastrophic, especially in structures comprising materials susceptible to fatigue. Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) represents a class of problems in which the mutual interaction between a moving fluid and a deformable structure must be considered simultaneously. In many engineering and bio-inspired applications, such as underwater vehicles, aircraft control surfaces, or biomimetic fins, a rigid body with a flexible appendage interacts with a surrounding fluid flow to generate thrust, maneuverability, or stability.

Example-22: Investigation of thermal mixing and reverse flow characteristics in a T-junction
In this lesson, the investigation of thermal mixing and reverse flow characteristics in a T-junction is studied. T-junctions are commonly used in piping systems and multi-channel networks in various industries, including petrochemical plants, electronic cooling applications, molecular biological processes, power plants, etc. It is crucial to comprehensively understand the thermal–hydraulic characteristics in a T-junction for piping design. Many simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with different turbulence models have been conducted to investigate the mixing characteristics of T-junctions. studied Temperature fluctuations caused by thermal mixing in T-junctions using the large eddy simulation (LES) turbulence model. The results showed that the calculated maximum temperatures were somewhat higher than the measurements. In this simulation, Abaqus CFD has been used. Water material with thermal properties is used, and a thermal flow step with three boundary conditions and up predefined field has been set up.

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199,00 469,00
26 people watching this product now!

Material Includes

  • 1- Abaqus Files
  • 2- Document
  • 3- Tutorial Videos

Audience

  • 1- Mechanical Engineering
  • 2- Civil Engineering
  • 3- Structural Engineering
  • 4- Aerospace Engineering

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