Analysis of Bolted Wood-Steel Panels under Tension Load

In modern timber construction, hybrid systems that combine wood and steel elements are increasingly used to optimize structural performance and material efficiency. One such hybrid system is the bolted wood-steel panel, where steel plates are bolted to timber elements to transfer loads, improve stiffness, and enhance connection strength. These connections are critical components in various structural applications, such as floor diaphragms, wall panels, and beam-column joints.

When subjected to tension loads, these bolted assemblies exhibit complex behavior due to the interaction between ductile steel components and the orthotropic, anisotropic nature of wood. The performance of such connections is influenced by multiple factors, including:

• The material properties of both wood and steel (e.g., tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and density),

• The number, diameter, and spacing of bolts,

• The load direction relative to the wood grain,

• The failure modes may include bolt yielding, wood crushing, splitting, or combined failure modes.

Analysis of bolted wood-steel panels under tension involves evaluating both the load-carrying capacity and failure mechanisms. Traditional analytical models such as the European Yield Model (EYM) provide a basis for predicting connection behavior, but may need modifications to account for specific characteristics of hybrid panels, such as contact pressure distribution, embedment strength, and local stress concentrations.

This analysis is vital for ensuring the reliability and safety of timber structures, particularly in high-stress or seismic regions where connection performance can govern overall structural behavior. Furthermore, with the growing emphasis on sustainable and engineered wood products, a clear understanding of these hybrid connections supports more efficient and environmentally conscious structural designs.