The increasing demand for sustainable and resilient building materials has driven the development of hybrid structural systems that combine the advantages of different materials. One such system is the cross-laminated timber–concrete (CLT–concrete) composite, which leverages the high stiffness and compressive strength of concrete with the lightweight, renewable, and ductile characteristics of cross-laminated timber (CLT). These composites are typically joined using mechanical fasteners or adhesives, the latter offering enhanced stiffness and load distribution.

While the static and dynamic performance of CLT–concrete composites has been widely studied under conventional loading scenarios, their behavior under extreme events such as blast loads remains insufficiently understood. In particular, close-in explosions generate high-intensity pressure waves that impose complex, transient stresses on composite materials, challenging their structural integrity and interfacial bonding performance.

The cohesive interaction between the timber layers and concrete to timber is ga ood selection to demonstrate the bond behavior and separation after receiving severe loads.

The material data for all parts are extracted from this paper: Flexural behavior of adhesively bonded cross-laminated timber-concrete composite (TCC) panel with glass-fiber textile mesh as reinforcement in concrete: Experimental studying and numerical simulation

The adhesively bonded CLT–concrete composite is an innovative alternative to mechanically connected systems, where a structural adhesive replaces screws or dowels to form a continuous interface. Adhesive bonding provides improved stiffness, energy dissipation, and shear transfer, while eliminating stress concentrations and reducing potential slip at the interface. Despite their advantages under static and dynamic loads, the blast resistance and failure behavior of these adhesively bonded hybrid systems remain underexplored, particularly under close-in explosion scenarios, which generate high-intensity overpressures and impulse loads.